Eagle's landing created Tranquility Base, named by Armstrong and Aldrin a… [49] Lovell took his place on the Apollo 8 crew, and when Collins recovered he joined Armstrong's crew as CMP. [211][212], New phrases permeated into the English language. While most people celebrated the accomplishment, disenfranchised Americans saw it as a symbol of the divide in America, evidenced by protesters outside of Kennedy Space Center the day before Apollo 11 launched. A portion of the populace did not give it any attention, and another portion was angered by it.[223]. They are handled only indirectly, using special tools. The astronauts arrived at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory at 10:00 UTC on July 28. In a conventional entry, P64 was followed by P67. For a skip-out re-entry, P65 and P66 were employed to handle the exit and entry parts of the skip. [247] In 2015, after Armstrong died in 2012, his widow contacted the National Air and Space Museum to inform them she had found a white cloth bag in one of Armstrong's closets. [148], The astronauts planted the Lunar Flag Assembly containing a flag of the United States on the lunar surface, in clear view of the TV camera. [58], The flight directors for this mission were:[60][61][62][63][64][65], Other key personnel who played important roles in the Apollo 11 mission include the following. The shadow of Apollo 11's Eagle lunar module looms on the surface of the moon in a picture taken out the window after the landing on July 20, 1969. LROC image courtesy NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Arizona State University. He was moving rapidly from task to task as time ran out. They then pressurized the LM and settled down to sleep. Lunar Module Eagle (LM-5) is the spacecraft that served as the crewed lunar lander of Apollo 11, which was the first mission to land humans on the Moon. This acrylic button magnified the grains of lunar dust. The astronauts then collected rock samples using scoops and tongs on extension handles. [168], One of Collins' first tasks was to identify the lunar module on the ground. The bill was sponsored by Florida Senator Bill Nelson and Florida Representative Alan Grayson.[258][259]. Scientific value was not a consideration.[82]. The support crew maintained the flight plan, checklists and mission ground rules, and ensured the prime and backup crews were apprised of changes. When later asked about his quote, Armstrong said he believed he said "for a man", and subsequent printed versions of the quote included the "a" in square brackets. Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. Dignitaries included the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General William Westmoreland, four cabinet members, 19 state governors, 40 mayors, 60 ambassadors and 200 congressmen. Kennedy. Throughout the descent, Aldrin called out navigation data to Armstrong, who was busy piloting Eagle. For every American, this has to be the proudest day of our lives. [80] A landing just after dawn was chosen to limit the temperature extremes the astronauts would experience. I'd like to take this opportunity to ask every person listening in, whoever and wherever they may be, to pause for a moment and contemplate the events of the past few hours and to give thanks in his or her own way. A different sequence of computer programs was used, one never before attempted. For Apollo, a third crew of astronauts was added, known as the support crew. [40] In October 1968, Apollo 7 evaluated the command module in Earth orbit,[41] and in December Apollo 8 tested it in lunar orbit. The downlink failed on December 14, 1969. Map of Moon showing prospective sites for Apollo 11. Based on the normal crew rotation scheme, Armstrong was then expected to command Apollo 11. To those people tonight, we give a special thank you, and to all the other people that are listening and watching tonight, God bless you. After three weeks in confinement (first in the Apollo spacecraft, then in their trailer on Hornet, and finally in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory), the astronauts were given a clean bill of health. [29] Kennedy again proposed a joint expedition to the Moon in a speech to the United Nations General Assembly on September 20, 1963. Anders had flown with Lovell on Apollo 8. [10] These took longer than expected; three and a half hours instead of two. [136], Eagle's hatch was opened at 02:39:33. [117], During the mission, the cause was diagnosed as the rendezvous radar switch being in the wrong position, causing the computer to process data from both the rendezvous and landing radars at the same time. The final site selection was based on seven criteria: The requirement for the Sun angle was particularly restrictive, limiting the launch date to one day per month. [120], When Armstrong again looked outside, he saw that the computer's landing target was in a boulder-strewn area just north and east of a 300-foot-diameter (91 m) crater (later determined to be West crater), so he took semi-automatic control. [103][98] President Richard Nixon viewed the launch from his office in the White House with his NASA liaison officer, Apollo astronaut Frank Borman. By July 1969, all was in readiness for Apollo 11 to take the final step onto the Moon. It was revealed in 1989 that the Soviets had tried to send people to the Moon, but were unable due to technological difficulties. Along with a technician, he helped Armstrong into the left hand couch at 06:54. Many of the surface activities took longer than expected, so they had to stop documenting sample collection halfway through the allotted 34 minutes. [159], Aldrin entered Eagle first. "If they can send a man to the Moon, why can't they ...?" The astronauts were rubbed down with a sodium hypochlorite solution and Columbia wiped with Betadine to remove any lunar dust that might be present. At this time NASA was still fighting a lawsuit brought by atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair (who had objected to the Apollo 8 crew reading from the Book of Genesis) demanding that their astronauts refrain from broadcasting religious activities while in space. [47] Lovell and Aldrin had previously flown together as the crew of Gemini 12. The ribbon cutting ceremony was on September 29, 2019. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours and 39 minutes later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later. Landing Site Coordinates . Satellite images offer a glimpse of the bleached American flag, astronaut boot prints and lunar equipment frozen in time at the Apollo 11 landing site 50 years later. "[195], After Nixon departed, Hornet was brought alongside the 5-short-ton (4.5 t) Columbia, which was lifted aboard by the ship's crane, placed on a dolly and moved next to the MQF. It happened a little after 4:00 in the afternoon Eastern Daylight Time. [139] The signal was received at Goldstone in the United States, but with better fidelity by Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station near Canberra in Australia. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter launched on June 18, 2009, and began sending back images of the Moon on June 23. He realized that a storm front was headed for the Apollo recovery area. Armstrong's first step onto the lunar surface was broadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience. While the flight plan called for Eagle to meet up with Columbia, Collins was prepared for a contingency in which he would fly Columbia down to meet Eagle. [a][12] Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy: "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. Assembled from high-resolution scans of the original film frames, this one sweeps across the magnificent desolation of the Apollo 11 landing site on the Moon's Sea of Tranquility. Armstrong: Thank you, Mr. President. When the Apollo 11 astronauts left the surface of the Moon on July 21, 1969, they brought home samples of solar wind particles, lunar rocks and dirt, and a big helping of perspective. 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